{"id":"nebulagraph--nebula-graph-io","name":"NebulaGraph","url":"https://nebula-graph.io","page":"https://mrpeppersdev.github.io/agent-infrastructure-landscape/systems/nebulagraph--nebula-graph-io","family":"data","section":"Knowledge-graph platforms","sections":["Knowledge-graph platforms"],"tier":2,"last_verified_at":"2026-10-26","lifecycle":{"status":"active","severity":0,"note":null},"taxonomy":null,"cells":{"type":{"value":"Graph + vector + text hybrid retrieval","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"desc":{"value":"v5.2 adds graph-vector-text hybrid retrieval natively. MCP server for Claude/GPT agents. GraphRAG in three lines of code.","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"claims":{"value":"100× faster path queries. Open-source + commercial.","citation":"https://www.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"modalities":{"value":"text","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"created":{"value":"2018","citation":"https://www.nebula-graph.io/about_us","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","last_verified_at":"2026-05-12","source_class":"vendor"},"latest-release":{"value":"v3.8.0 OSS line (version referenced by repo docs; release date not captured)","citation":"https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula","status":"real-data","tier":"T1","last_verified_at":"2026-10-26","source_class":"repo"},"license":{"value":"Apache-2.0","citation":"https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula","status":"real-data","tier":"T1","source_class":"repo"},"gh":{"value":"vesoft-inc/nebula — ~12.4k stars, active (commit date not captured)","citation":"https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula","status":"real-data","tier":"T1","last_verified_at":"2026-10-26","source_class":"repo"},"mindshare":{"value":"~50 (Vesoft/Neb jobs","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","last_verified_at":"2026-05-12","source_class":"vendor"},"citations":{"value":"not applicable — not academic","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-06"},"funding":{"value":"$18M total (Seed + pre-A); investors: Redpoint China Ventures, Matrix Partners China, Source Code Capital, Jeneration","citation":"https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/15/vesoft-china-graph-database-8m-funding/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","last_verified_at":"2026-05-12","source_class":"third-party"},"customers":{"value":"searched not found","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"pricing":{"value":"OSS (Apache-2.0) + NebulaGraph Enterprise (commercial)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"compliance":{"value":"searched not found","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"data-handling":{"value":"searched not found","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"deployment":{"value":"Both (self-hosted + NebulaGraph Cloud)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"hq":{"value":"US (Cupertino CA; engineering in China)","citation":"https://www.cbinsights.com/company/nebulagraph","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"third-party"},"founders":{"value":"Sherman Ye (founder/CEO)","citation":"https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/15/vesoft-china-graph-database-8m-funding/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"third-party"},"volume":{"value":"trillion-edge graphs (vendor claim)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"perf":{"value":"Vendor benchmark: 100× faster than competing graph DBs on path queries at 100B+ vertex scale (Meituan production deployment).","citation":"https://www.nebula-graph.io/posts/nebula-graph-benchmark","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"repro":{"value":"not applicable — not a research paper","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"code-release":{"value":"not applicable — not a research paper","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"api-surface":{"value":"nGQL, SDK: Python, Java, Go, JS, C++","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"latency":{"value":"searched not found","citation":"https://www.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"throughput":{"value":"searched not found","citation":"https://www.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"backend-storage":{"value":"custom (RocksDB-backed distributed graph)","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"multi-tenancy":{"value":"namespace","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"encryption":{"value":"at-rest + in-transit","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"sso-rbac":{"value":"RBAC only","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"embedding-model":{"value":"BYO","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"consistency":{"value":"not documented in public vendor materials (operational dimension typically managed in private deployment guides).","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/3.6.0/4.deployment-and-installation/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"versioning":{"value":"immutable append-log","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"tombstoning":{"value":"not documented in public vendor materials (operational dimension typically managed in private deployment guides).","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"schema-evolution":{"value":"schema with migration","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"namespace":{"value":"per-tenant","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"contradiction":{"value":"always overwrite (last-write-wins)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"forgetting":{"value":"none (permanent)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"mcp-support":{"value":"no first-party MCP adapter published as of 2026-05; community connectors may exist.","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"a2a-support":{"value":"no Google A2A (Agent2Agent) integration documented as of 2026-05.","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"otel":{"value":"via Prometheus","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"webhooks":{"value":"no first-party webhook surface documented; integrations typically via REST polling or message queues.","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"depth-floor-reached","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"import-export":{"value":"CSV, GraphML; nebula-dump","citation":"https://docs.nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"integration-count":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"orchestration":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"programmatic-control":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"vendor-benchmarks":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-06"},"pricing-specifics":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"agent-abstraction":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"memory-primitives":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"llm-lock":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"runtimes":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"session-handling":{"value":"not applicable — wrong section","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"validated-verticals":{"value":"financial-services, healthcare, legal, government, internal IT, KM","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"time-to-running":{"value":"<1hr (Docker / managed cloud) to <1week (enterprise procurement)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"anti-fit":{"value":"not for purely-vector or simple-RAG use cases (graph adds setup cost)","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"optimised-for":{"value":"relationship modeling + reasoning + governance over pure vector","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"adjacent-infrastructure":{"value":"BYO LLM; bundled graph store; some require additional vector index","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"pros":{"value":"Strong at trillion-edge scale; popular in China for fraud / social-network workloads.","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"cons":{"value":"Heavy operational overhead; documentation in English lags Chinese resources.","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"links":{"value":"nebula-graph.io","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"obs-langsmith":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-opentelemetry":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-datadog":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-helicone":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-weave":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-langfuse":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-arize":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"obs-custom":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-token-budget":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-prompt-caching":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-semantic-caching":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-batching":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-model-routing":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-streaming-only":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-observability-cost-attribution":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-langsmith-evals":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-braintrust":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-weights-and-biases-agent":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-helicone-evals":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-custom-test-harness":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-human-loop":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"eval-production-traffic-replay":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"commit-trajectory":{"value":"not applicable — no GitHub repo","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"citation-trajectory":{"value":"not applicable — non-paper row","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"download-trajectory":{"value":"not applicable — not published as a package","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3","last_verified_at":"2026-05-14"},"cost-input-usd-per-mtok":{"value":"not applicable — subscription pricing, no per-token cost","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"not-applicable","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"cost-output-usd-per-mtok":{"value":"not applicable — subscription pricing, no per-token cost","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"not-applicable","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"cost-tier":{"value":"not applicable — subscription pricing, no per-token cost","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"not-applicable","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"cost-pricing-model":{"value":"subscription","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"cost-last-verified":{"value":"2026-06-29","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"capability-composite-score":{"value":"not applicable — data infrastructure, not a capable system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"capability-band":{"value":"not applicable — data infrastructure, not a capable system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"capability-benchmark-sources":{"value":"not applicable — graph + vector + text hybrid DB is data infrastructure, not an LLM-capable system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"capability-last-verified":{"value":"not applicable — data infrastructure, not a capable system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"use-case-tags":{"value":"not applicable — graph database product, not an end-user agent system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"use-case-anti-tags":{"value":"not applicable — graph database product, not an end-user agent system","citation":null,"status":"not-applicable","tier":"T3"},"adoption-accelerator":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3"},"architecture-deployment-locus":{"value":"hybrid","citation":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vesoft-inc/nebula/master/README.md","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"repo"},"licensing-bucket":{"value":"open-core","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"positioning-platform-vs-product":{"value":"platform","citation":"https://nebula-graph.io/","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"vendor"},"taxonomy-three-layer-rollup":{"value":"model-infra","citation":"https://github.com/MrPeppersDev/agent-infrastructure-landscape/blob/main/docs/schema/section-to-three-layer-rollup.json","status":"real-data","tier":"T1","source_class":"repo"},"developer-activity-opendigger":{"value":"{\"activity\":10.72,\"as_of\":\"2026-09\",\"openrank_12mo\":1.84,\"openrank_current\":0.78,\"participants\":5}","citation":"https://oss.open-digger.cn/github/vesoft-inc/nebula/openrank.json","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","last_verified_at":"2026-10-28","source_class":"third-party"},"freshness-date":{"value":"2026-10-26","citation":"https://mrpeppersdev.github.io/agent-infrastructure-landscape/systems/nebulagraph--nebula-graph-io","status":"real-data","tier":"T2","source_class":"catalog"},"compliance-certifications":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3"},"sdk-languages":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3"},"protocol-support":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3"},"maturity":{"value":"","citation":null,"status":"no-data","tier":"T3"}},"corroboration":{"cited_cells":44,"third_party_cells":4},"edges":{"outgoing":[],"incoming":[{"source":"llamaindex-framework--llamaindex-ai","target":"nebulagraph--nebula-graph-io","type":"integrates-with","evidence":"LlamaIndex has an official graph store integration package llama-index-graph-stores-nebula in its repo.","citation":"https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index/tree/main/llama-index-integrations/graph_stores/llama-index-graph-stores-nebula","verified_at":"2026-10-29"}]},"history":[{"date":"2026-10-26","commit":"80cd27834a","pr":258,"kind":"update","changes":[{"field":"license","label":"License","from":"not applicable — not OSS","to":"Apache-2.0","source":"https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula"},{"field":"latest-release","label":"Latest release","from":"not applicable — not OSS","to":"v3.8.0 OSS line (version referenced by repo docs; release date not captured)","source":"https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula"}]}],"license":"CC-BY-4.0","source":"https://github.com/MrPeppersDev/agent-infrastructure-landscape/blob/main/data/landscape.json"}